Introduction to LaTeX

Franz Kollmann, 2002-2007
1. Preface
2. Document types
3. Some Packages
4. Titles
5. Layout Settings
6. Winfonts
7. Lists and Enumerations
8. Tables
9. Formeln
10. Graphiken
11. Algorithms
12. Code-Listings
13. PDF Generation
14. List of Abbreviations
15. Index
16. BibTex
17. Beispiele


1. Preface

The aim of this section is to give a short introduction into LaTeX and showing examples that can be easily copied and checked out. For someone who has already used LaTeX knows: LaTeX written documents look really professional! And the best: it is for free!

Automated numbering of pictures, tables, definitions, references to bibliography or any section in the text, homogenous layout, easy footnotes are just some highlights that make LaTeX so powerful. Nevertheless, proprietary features can take you a lot of time in practice. So, do not say I would not have warned you! ;-)

Similar to HTML, LaTeX is a language for describing pages. This means that a latex document writer does not see the layout of the document during editing, i.e. no WYSIWIG ("What You See Is What You Get") like it is provided by MS Word or StarOffice. However, the professional layout compensate for all and once used you won't miss it any more. I personally use the LaTeX-environment mikTex and as an editor I use WinEdt. In the editor the documents are saved as tex files. The latex compiler (latex) generates dvi (device independent) files from the tex sources. Dvi files can be viewed by a dvi viewer (e.g Yap which come with the mikTeX environment). Now its time for our first exercise: Open your text editor and copy the following lines into it and save the file as example.tex

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
My first LaTeX document!
\end{document}


By typing "latex example.tex" into your shell, you will get "example.dvi", which can be viewed and printed by the the dvi viewer (e.g. Yap). The picture below should illustrate the processing of a LaTeX file and should make clear the dependencies between the several file types.


If LaTeX is already installed (with the valid path settings to the following commands), then type the following commands into your console:

latex example.tex starts the complier,
yap example.dvi or xdvi example.dvi shows the result
dvips -f example | lpr converts and prints the postscript document.

In particular there are three formats of interest:
.tex LaTeX source file
.dvi formatted text file
.ps printer file format


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2. Document Types

\documentclass[optionen]{klasse}
specifies the document type

 
Vital document classes
article
papers in general with no extra title page (scientific papers, seminar work, reports, descriptions, etc.)
divisions: chapter,section,subsections,subsubsection,paragraph
book
for books
divisions: part,chapter,section, subsection,subsubsection,paragraph
dinbrief
for letters according to DIN 676
slides
for slides
scrreprt,scrbook
standard classes from the KOMA sript

 
Vital Options
10pt/11pt/12pt
font size
letterpaper/a4paper/landscape
paper format
oneside/twoside
onecolumn/twocolumn

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3. Some Packages

At the beginning of the tex file, packages are declared which can really make things easier. Here only a small selection of possible packages is listed.
ngerman:
New German Spelling
fontenc:
Settings for standardized fonts
inputenc:
Settings for for special Characters (ä,ü,ö etc.)
graphicx:
Graphic package
color:
Benutzung von Farben
fancyheadings:
Settings for Headers and Footer
textcomp:
Logos, symbols
wasysym:
special symbols
amsfonts:
math fonts
times:
Times (PS) as standard font
helvet:
Helvetica (PS) for standard font
avant:
Avantgarde (PS) as standard font


To include a package the command "\usepackage" should be used
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} % Allows to use German special characters (ä,ö,...)
\usepackage{ngerman} % German Spelling
In recent LaTeX environments, packages are installed automatically (when required). In older environments, these packages had to be installed manually. Here is an example that shows how to include the listings package manually (for a Linux/Unix OS):
1.) Create directory listings in the directory /usr/share/texmf/source/latex/
2.) Copy files from the packages into the created directory
3.) Execute latex listings.ins in that directory.
4.) Create directory listings in /usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/
5.) Move all sty and cfg files into /usr/share/texmf/tex/latex/
6.) Execute texhash (root required) (Win: click Refresh in the MikTex options)


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4. Titles


\part{title}
\chapter{title}
\section{title}
\subsection{title}
\subsubsection{title}
\paragraph{title}
\subparagraph{title}
\section*{title}
without numbering
\section[shortform]{title}
with shortform

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5. Layout Settings

{\bf Blabla}
- bold
{\it Blabla}
- italic
\emph{Blabla}
- italic
\underline{Blabla}
{\tiny Blabla}
{\normalsize Blabla}
{\large Blabla}
{\Large Blabla}
{\LARGE Blabla}
{\huge Blabla}
{\Huge Blabla}
\newcommand{\mysize}{\fontsize{36pt}{20pt}\selectfont}
define own fonts (here: font size 36pt,spacing 20pt)
\begin{myfont}Text\end{myfont}
{\fontfamily{phv}\selectfont Text in Arial }
change fonts locally
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\newcommand{\changefont}[3]{
\fontfamily{#1} \fontseries{#2} \fontshape{#3}
\selectfont}}
\changefont{pcr}{m}{n}
fontfamilyfontseriesfontshape
Courier (pcr)mn
Times New Roman (ptm)bit
Helvetica (phv)bxsl
Computer Modern Roman (cmr)sbcsc
Computer Modern SansSerif (cmss)bc
Computer Modern Typewriter (cmtt)
Computer Modern Fibonacci (cmfib)
Computer Modern Dunhill (cmdh)
Bookman (pbk)
New Century Schoolbook (pnc)
Palatino (ppl)
AvantGarde (pag)
\usepackage{scalefnt}...
\begingroup
\scalefont{0.8}Blabla
\endgroup
scaled text
\begin{center} Bla \end{center}
text alignment: center
\begin{flushleft} Bla \end{flushleft}
text alignment: left
\begin{flushright} Bla \end{flushright}
text alignment: right



 
Quotes:"`German Quotes"'
``English Quotes''
`Single Quotes'
Footnotes:
\footnote{text}
insert footnote (with reference)
Header-/Footer:
\pagestyle{style}
defined for all pages
\thispagestyle{style}
defined for the actual page
Styles:
plain
only page numbering
headings
with title and page numbering
empty
nothing
Line Break:
\par
or
\\
Page Break:
\newpage
Spaces:
\hspace{width}
or
\vspace{height}
horizontal/vertical spaces: e.g.: 10mm
Indentation:
\setlength{\parindent}{0in}
Page Numbering:
\pagenumbering{num_style}
num_styles:
arabic,roman,Roman,alph,Alph
If the page numbering should not start with 1,
it could be changed by
\setcounter{page}{number}
Renaming:
\renewcommand{\figurename}{\small \bf Fig.}
\renewcommand{\tablename}{\small \bf Tab.}
\renewcommand{\abstractname}{Abstract}
\renewcommand{\bibname}{Bibliography}
\renewcommand{\refname}{References}
\renewcommand{\contentsname}{Contents}
Alignment of Bibliography:
\begin{thebibliography}{88}
Hereby the number does not matter,
only the text width is decisive!
Define my own List:
\newcommand{\mylist}{
  \begin{list}{$-$}{
   \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}
   \setlength{\parsep}{3pt}
   \setlength{\topsep}{1pt}
   \setlength{\partopsep}{0pt}
   \setlength{\leftmargin}{1.3em}
   \setlength{\labelwidth}{1em}
   \setlength{\labelsep}{0.5em}
  }
}
\newcommand{\mylistend}{
  \end{list}
}
\mylist
\item First Item
\item Second Item
\mylistend
Define own List Symbols:
\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{+}
\renewcommand{\labelitemii}{**}
\renewcommand{\labelitemiii}{-}
\renewcommand{\labelitemii}
{\Alph{enumi}.\Roman{enumii}}
Define own Header:
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\fancyhf{}
\fancyhead{}
\fancyhead[LE,RO]{\thepage} \fancyhead[RE,LO]{Überschrift}
\pagestyle{fancy}
Remove Vertical Text Justification:
\raggedbottom

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6. Winfonts

Download http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/fonts/winfonts/winfonts.zip winfonts.zip (or here: winfonts.zip). Install the downloaded package as described in README. In winfonts-doc.pdf a description of how to include the package is given. The following fonts are supported:
  • Arial
  • Comic Sans
  • Courier
  • Franklin Gothic
  • Georgia
  • Impact
  • Palatino
  • Sylfaen
  • Tahoma
  • Times New Roman
  • Trebuchet
  • Verdana
  • Webdings
  • Wingdings
Note that ps and eps output formats of these fonts are not supported. To include them into the pdf result, they can only be used with latex2pdf.

Change font face (e.g. Verdana)
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\fontfamily{verdana}\selectfont
Example to include Winfonts, Webdings and Wingdings
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{pifont}
\usepackage{winfonts}
\usepackage{windingbats}
\usepackage{winpifont}
\begin{document}

\section{Winfonts}
\fontfamily{arial}\selectfont Arial \normalfont \\
\fontfamily{courier-ttf}\selectfont Courier New \normalfont \\
\fontfamily{comicsans}\selectfont Comic Sans \normalfont \\
\fontfamily{franklingothic}\selectfont Franklin Gothic \normalfont \\
\fontfamily{georgia}\selectfont Georgia \normalfont \\
\fontfamily{impact}\selectfont Impact \normalfont \\
\fontfamily{palatino-ttf}\selectfont Palatino \normalfont \\
\fontfamily{sylfaen}\selectfont Sylfaen \normalfont \\
\fontfamily{tahoma}\selectfont Tahoma \normalfont \\
\fontfamily{times-ttf}\selectfont Times New Roman \normalfont \\
\fontfamily{trebuchet}\selectfont Trebuchet \normalfont \\
\fontfamily{verdana}\selectfont Verdana \normalfont \\

\renewcommand{\ttdefault}{courier-ttf} {\tt ttsettings}

Die Wingding-Symbole: \Pisymbol{wingding}{1} ... \Pisymbol{wingding}{255}
Die DING-Symbole: \Pisymbol{ding}{1} ... \Pisymbol{ding}{255}
Die PZD-Symbole: \Pisymbol{pzd}{1} ... \Pisymbol{pzd}{255}
Die WEBDINGS-Symbole: \Pisymbol{webdings}{1} ... \Pisymbol{webdings}{255}
Die PSY-Symbole: \Pisymbol{psy}{1} ... \Pisymbol{psy}{255}

\end{document}

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7. Lists and Enumerations

  • Item list
  • \begin{itemize}
    \item blablabla
    \item blablabla
    \end{itemize}
  • Enumerations
  • \begin{enumerate}
    \item blablabla
    \item blablabla
    \end{enumerate}
  • List with user defined symbol
  • Choose a symbol and write it between the brackets "[]" below.
    \begin{description}
    \item[+] blablabla
    \item[+] blablabla
    \end{description}

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    8. Tables

    \begin{table}[h!]
    \begin{center}
    \begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|}\hline
    0,1 & 0,2 & 0,3\\
    \hline
    1,1 & 1,2 & 1,3 \\
    2,1 & 2,2 & 2,3 \\
    3,1 & 3,2 & 3,3 \\
    \hline
    \end{tabular}\\
    \end{center}
    \centering
    \caption{Description of the table}
    \label{tabref01}
    \end{table}

    [hbp]
    Position of the table
    h = here, t =top, b = bottom of page, p = page (own page).
    The priority is given by the order. An exclamation mark (e.g.: [h!]) expresses an unconditional position (see in the example above).
    {|l|c|c|}
    Structure and alignment of the table
    In this example it has three columns; contents in the first are flushed left, the others are centered. Each column is separated by a horizontal line (which is defined by a pipe "|")
    l = left, r = right, c = center (alignment within columns)
    \hline
    horizontal line
    Trennzeichen der Datenfelder



  • Table with cells of fixed size: First column without border, columns 2-12 with same width

  • \usepackage{hhline}
    \usepackage{array}

    ...
    \begin{center}
    \begin{tabular}{l|*{11}{>{\centering}p{6mm}}|}
    \hhline{~|-*{9}{-}-|}
    Index & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 \tabularnewline
    \hhline{~:=*{9}{=}=:}
    \rule[-2mm]{0mm}{7mm}Line 1 & a & b & c & d & e & [f & g & h & i & j & k]\tabularnewline\hhline{~|-*{9}{-}-|}
    \rule[-2mm]{0mm}{7mm}Line 2 & & & & & & & & & & & \tabularnewline\hhline{~|-*{9}{-}-|}
    \rule[-2mm]{0mm}{7mm}Line 3 & & & & & & & & & & & \tabularnewline\hhline{~|-*{9}{-}-|}
    \end{tabular}
    \end{center}



  • Table with table separators

  • \usepackage{hhline}
    \usepackage{array}
    \newcolumntype{I}{!{\vrule width 1.5pt}}
    ...
    \begin{center}
    \begin{tabular}{|*{10}{>{\centering}p{6mm}|}}
    \hline
    \rule[-2mm]{0mm}{7mm} 5 & 9 & 13 & 26 & \multicolumn{1}{c I}{7} & 16 & 3 & 10 & 8 & 20 \tabularnewline \hline \hline
    \rule[-2mm]{0mm}{7mm} & & & & & \multicolumn{1}{c I}{ } & & & & \tabularnewline \hline
    \rule[-2mm]{0mm}{7mm} & & & & & & \multicolumn{1}{c I}{ } & & & \tabularnewline \hline
    \rule[-2mm]{0mm}{7mm} & & & & & & & \multicolumn{1}{c I}{ } & & \tabularnewline \hline
    \rule[-2mm]{0mm}{7mm} & & & & & & & & \multicolumn{1}{c I}{ } & \tabularnewline \hline
    \rule[-2mm]{0mm}{7mm} & & & & & & & & & \multicolumn{1}{c I}{ } \tabularnewline \hline
    \end{tabular}
    \end{center}

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    9. Formulae

    To display math formulae, the math environment must be set:
    \begin{math}2+1\end{math}
    resp.
    \begin{displaymath}2+1\end{displaymath}
    Hereby $ can be used as a short form for \begin{math} resp. \end{math}. An example for a fraction would be:$\frac{1}{2}$ which is 1/2. \mathbb{N} gives the symbol for the set of natural numbers (the package \usepackage{amsfonts} is required) Here some further examples, just check it out:



    section{Formeln in \LaTeX}
    \vspace{1cm}
    Arithmetische Mittel einer Stichprobe:
    \begin{displaymath}
    \bar{x} = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i
    \end{displaymath}
    Varianz einer Stichprobe:
    \begin{displaymath}
    s^2 = \frac{1}{n-1} \sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \bar{x})
    \end{displaymath}
    Standardabweichung:
    \begin{displaymath}
    s = \sqrt{s^2} = \sqrt{\frac{1}{n-1} \sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \bar{x})^2}
    \end{displaymath}
    oder:
    \begin{displaymath}
    = \sqrt{\frac{ \sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \bar{x})^2}{n-1}}
    \end{displaymath}
    Geometrisches Mittel:
    \begin{displaymath}
    G = \sqrt[n]{ \prod^n_{i=1} x_i}
    \end{displaymath}
    Binomialkoeffizient:
    \begin{displaymath}
    {n \choose k} = \frac{ n! }{ k! (n-k) !}
    \end{displaymath}
    Zeitunabhängige dreidimensionale Schrödingergleichung:
    \begin{displaymath}
    \frac{\partial^2 \psi}{\partial x ^2} + \frac{\partial^2 \psi}{\partial y ^2} + \frac{\partial^2 \psi}{\partial z ^2} = - \frac{2m}{\hbar^2}(E -U)\psi.
    \end{displaymath}
    Faradaysches Induktionsgesetz:
    \begin{displaymath}
    \oint \bf{E} \cdot ds = -\int \frac{\partial \mathcal{B}}{\partial t} \cdot \bf{A}
    \end{displaymath}


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    10. Graphics

      To include graphics, I would recommend the graphicx package (\usepackage{graphicx}). This package supports eps files but also jpg files.

    \begin{figure}[htbp]
    \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth,angle=0]{filename.jpg}
    \caption{Description} \label{graphik_1}
    \end{center}
    \end{figure}


    [htbp]
    Like in tables, h = here, t =top, b = bottom of page, p = page (own page) denote the alignment.
    The priority is given by the order. An exclamation mark (e.g.: [h!]) expresses an uncondition
    width=0.6\textwidth,angle=0
    picture width is given by 60% of text width
    no rotation (angle=0)
    filename.jpg
    jpg and eps are supported

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    11. Algorithms



    The package algorithm and algorithmic makes algorithms to look nice.
    \usepackage{algorithm}
    \usepackage{algorithmic}
    ...
    \begin{algorithm}
    \caption{myAlgorithm}
    \label{alg_myAlgorithm}
    \begin{algorithmic}[1]
    \STATE{$S \leftarrow 0$}
    \STATE{$i:=0$}
    \FOR{$i=0$ to $10$} \STATE a[i]:=0
    \ENDFOR
    \IF{$x>y$} \RETURN{true}
    \ELSE \RETURN{false}
    \ENDIF
    \end{algorithmic}
    \end{algorithm}
    \IF{} \ELSIF \ELSE \ENDIF
    \FOR{} \ENDFOR
    \FORALL{} \ENDFOR
    \WHILE{} \ENDWHILE
    \REPEAT \UNITIL{}
    \LOOP \ENDLOOP
    \REQUIRE
    \ENSURE

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    12. Code-Listings



    The package listings allows to include code listings.
    Here is an example:
    \usepackage{listings}
    \lstlistoflistings
    \definecolor{darkgray}{rgb}{0.95,0.95,0.95}
    \lstset{language=C++}
    \lstset{backgroundcolor=\color{darkgray}}
    \lstset{numbers=left, numberstyle=\tiny, stepnumber=2, numbersep=5pt}
    \lstset{keywordstyle=\color{red}\bfseries\emph}
    \begin{lstlisting}[frame=tb]
    for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
    {
    // increment the pointer
    *p++ = i;
    House h = new house();
    int romms = h.getRooms():
    }
    \end{lstlisting}
    Also external files can be included:
    \usepackage{listings}
    \lstset{language=Java, backgroundcolor=\color{yellow}, basicstyle=\small, commentstyle=\color{green}}
    \lstset{linewidth=\textwidth, showstringspaces=false}
    \lstset{numbers=left, stepnumber=5, numbersep=10pt}
    \lstset{frame=trBL}
    \lstinputlisting[caption=Multi-Page Java Code,label=lst:java]{example.java}


    The following languages are supported:

    Algol, C, C++, Cobol, Delphi, Eiffel, Fortran, HTML (preliminary), IDL, Java, ksh, Lisp, Logo, make, Mathematica, Matlab, Mercury, Miranda, Modula-2, Oberon-2, Octave, Pascal, Perl, PHP, PL/I, Prolog, Python, R, S, SAS, Simula, SQL, tcl, TeX, VBScript, XML (preliminary) and others.


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    13. PDF Generation

    To generate pdf files from tex files, I would recommend the converter pdflatex (Syntax: pdflatex myfile.tex). To include pictures the package graphicx is probably the best choice. Since with this package pdflatex supports also jpg files:
    \includegraphics[width=\textwidth,angle=0]{graph1.jpg}
    If pictures are included without file extensions (e.g.:\includegraphics[width=\textwidth,angle=0]{graph1}), the converter pdflatex expects a graph1.pdf file; the latex converter expects an eps file. For converting eps files to pdf files, the converter epstopdf could be used (e.g.: epstopdf mygraphic.eps).

    Tip: Generally graphics should be given in the eps (encapsulated postscript) format. This is the graphic format that the latex compiler can process. For the creation of eps files, an arbitrary postscript printer (print to file option) can be used. This can be achieved by installing a postscript printer as a file printer. Then you are able to generate eps files from any format by simply printing on that printer and saving the output as eps file. If pictures are given in eps as well as pdf files, it can be an advantage to reference the graphic files in the includegraphics command without the file extensions:
    pdflatex converts the tex file into a pdf file by processing pdf pictures.
    latex converts tex file into dvi file by processing eps files.
    This would save the conversion task (epstopdf *.eps and changing file extensions in the tex file). The dvipdfm converter enables to create pdf files from dvi files (See converting of LaTeX files).

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    14. List of Abbreviations

    To include a list of abbreviations the following steps should be performed:

    1.
    Insert \usepackage{nomencl} and \makenomenclature at the beginning of the tex file (before \begin{document}).
    2.
    Insert \printnomenclature[distance] at that position in the tex file, where the list of abbreviations should be listed. The parameter distance defines the distance (e.g. 2.5 cm) between Abbreviation and Explanation.
    3.
    Insert the abbreviation in the tex as short and long form:
    \nomenclature{Abbr}{Abbreviation}
    4.
    Execute latex file.tex twice.
    5.
    Execute makeindex file.nlo -s nomencl.ist -o file.nls
    6.
    Execute latex file.tex

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    15. Index

    For including an index directory, the following steps should be performed:

    1.
    Insert \usepackage{makeidx} at the beginning of the tex file.
    insert\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Index} and
    \printindex at that position in the tex file, where the index directory should be listed.
    2.
    Insert the index in the tex file as:
    \index{title} respectively \index{mainentry # subentry} for having a associated relation of entries.
    3.
    Execute latex file.tex twice.
    4.
    Execute makeindex file.glo -s nomencl.ist -o file.gls
    5.
    Execute latex file.tex

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    16. BibTeX

    For creating and managing bibliographies, BibTeX is the right choice. bibtex generates from a bib file a bbl file, which is later on imported when compiling with the latex command. The bib file is a file where all the bibliography entries are stored. The entries in that file look like:

    @book{Sch96:crypt,
    key = {Sch96},
    author = {Bruce Schneier},
    title = {{Applied Cryptography}},
    publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
    address = {Bonn},
    year = {1996}
    }


    @article{Swb02:win,
    key = {Swb02},
    author = {Holger Schwichtenberg},
    title = {{Mobiles Erlebnis}},
    journal = {ix},
    year = {2002},
    volume = {Ausgabe Juni},
    pages = {18}
    }


    @book{Has01:java,
    key = {Has01},
    author = {Vesna Hassler and Mikhail Gordeev and Martin Manninger and Christoph Müller},
    title = {{Java Card for E-Payment Applications}},
    publisher = {Arctech House},
    address = {Boston},
    year = {2001}
    }


    In the tex file the book of Bruce Schneier is referenced by \cite{Sch96:crypt}
    bibtex (Syntax: bibtex [bib_file_without_file_extension]) would convert this entry into:

    \bibitem[Sch96]{Sch96:crypt}
    Schneier, Bruce: {\em Applied Cryptography\/}, Addison-Wesley, Bonn, 1996.

    After referencing the bibliography entries (inserting cite commands into your tex file) the following steps should be performed:

    1.) Execute latex test.tex (creates among others the aux file)
    2.) Execute bibtex [bib_file_without_file_extension] (creates bbl file)
    3.) Execute latex test.tex twice (files are updated and included)
    The result is written into test.dvi



    Besides book and article there are further bibtex bibliography types:

    booklet,proceedings,inproceedings, incollection,inbook,phdthesis, mastersthesis,techreport,manual, unpublished, misc
    and others


    To include a URI, it is recommended to use the misc type with the \url command (requires \usepackage{url} in the tex file).


    @misc{Riv92b:sig,
    key = {Riv92b},
    author = {Ron Rivest},
    title = {The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm},
    howpublished = {\url{ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1321.txt}},
    year = {1992}
    }

    Often BibTeX has problems to break/wrap long URI and inserts percent signs %. To avoid this, the URI should be split in the bib file by a comma.

    There are several styles to format the bibliography; for example: plain, alpha, abbrv, unsrt, amsalpha, geralpha, gerapali. To include the style in the tex file, one should use:
    \bibliographystyle{plain}
    For entries in german, it could be advantageously to include in the tex file:
    \usepackage{bibgerm}



    I have stored my own bib style settings in maddog.bst , Besides other features, it prints out et al. for more than three authors. The entries are referenced as [Riv99] für Ron Rivest 1999. To try it out you can download the style into the tex file; include it with
    \bibliographystyle{maddog}
    in your tex file.


    Tip: For aligning the bibliography entries one could use
    \begin{thebibliography}{widest-label}
    in the bbl file. Note that it does not matter what you write into the widest-label, only the length of the characters are taken into consideration.

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    17. Examples

  • Introducing Example
  • \documentclass{article}
    \begin{document}
    Mein erstes \LaTeX\-generiertes Dokument!
    \end{document}


  • Letter

  • %DIN-Letter (A4)
    \documentclass[a4paper]{dinbrief}
    \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
    \Absender{\small D. Knuth\\ \LaTeX\-Street 1 \\ 1111 Springfield \\}
    \signature{D. Knuth}
    \Betreff{Invitation to join the \LaTeX\ course}
    \begin{document}
    \begin{letter}{To \\ Henry Ford\\Flowerstreet 1\\ 1234 New York\\ \\ USA}
    \opening{Dear Mister Ford,}
    I would invite you to join my \LaTeX\ course next Saturday.
    Please let me know in advance whether you and your wife will come. \\
    \closing{Best regards,}
    \end{letter}
    \end{document}


  • Vorlage SE-Arbeit
  • %% -- by Franz Kollmann, Jan 2002 --

    \documentclass[bibtotocnumbered, headsepline,normalheadings]{scrreprt}
    \usepackage{ngerman}
    \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
    \usepackage{epsfig}
    \newcommand{\N}{\mbox{$I\!\! N$}} % die natuerlichen Zahlen
    \newcommand{\Z}{\mbox{$Z\!\!\! Z\!$}} % die ganzen Zahlen
    \newcommand{\Q}{\mbox{$Q\!\!\!\! I$}} % die rationalen Zahlen
    \newcommand{\R}{\mbox{$I\!\! R$}} % die reellen Zahlen
    \newcommand{\C}{\mbox{$C\!\!\!\! I$}} % die komplexen Zahlen
    \newcommand{\F}{\mbox{$I\!\! F\!$}} % endliche Körper
    \begin{document}
    \setlength{\emergencystretch}{2em}
    \title{\Huge Mobile Security}
    \author
    {
    \emph{Franz Kollmann} \\
    \textsf{maaaddog@gmx.at}\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\
    MatrikelNr.: 123456 \\
    \textsf{\LARGE \textbf{Seminararbeit}} \\
    LV-Leiter: DI Dr. Dr. Max Mustermann \\
    Universität Klagenfurt, Österreich\\ \\
    }
    \date{\huge WS 2001/02}
    \maketitle
    \thanks{Danksagung}

    \begin{abstract}
    Hier eine Zusammenfassung Ihrer Arbeit geben!
    \end{abstract}

    \tableofcontents

    \listoffigures

    \chapter{1 Vorwort}
    \chapter{2 Einleitung}
    \chapter{3 Kapitel 1}
    \section{Sektion 3.1}
    \subsection{Unterpunkt 3.1.1}
    \subsection{Unterpunkt 3.1.2}
    \subsection{Unterpunkt 3.1.3}
    \section{Sektion 3.2}
    \subsection{Unterpunkt 3.2.1}
    \section{Sektion 3.3}

    \begin{thebibliography}
    \\
    \bibitem[Sha98]{Sha95} Adi Shamir (1995): \textsl{RSA for Paranoids}, 2.Auflage Addison-Wesley, New York
    \end{thebibliography}

    \begin{appendix}
    \section{Appendix}
    \begin{verbatim}
    Verbatim kennzeichnet Textabschnitte die direkt (1:1) ins Dokument
    übernommen werden sollen.
    \end{verbatim}
    \end{appendix}

    \end{document}

    Anmerkung:
    Die "%"-Zeichen stehen am Anfang von Kommentaren.
    Gewünschten Source in einem beliebigen Editor eingeben und mit der Extension "tex" abspeichern.


  • Vorlage Diplom-Arbeit
  • %% -- by Franz Kollmann, Mai 2002 --
    %%--------------------------------------
    \documentclass{scrreprt}
    \usepackage{ngerman}
    \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
    \usepackage{graphicx}
    %%--------------------------------------
    \begin{document}
    \setlength{\emergencystretch}{2em}
    %%--------------------------------------
    \title{
    \begin{figure}[t]
    \begin{center}
    \includegraphics{logo_uni.jpg}
    \end{center}
    \end{figure}
    \Huge Digitales Signieren am PDA}
    \author{ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\
    \LARGE \textbf{Diplomarbeit} \\ \\ \\ \\ \\
    \emph{Franz Kollmann} \\
    \textsf{maaaddog@gmx.at} \\
    MatrikelNr.: 1234567 \\
    Betreuer: DDr. Max Mustermann\\ \\ \\
    Universität Klagenfurt, Österreich\\ \\}
    %%--------------------------------------
    \date{\huge 2002}
    \maketitle
    %%--------------------------------------
    \thanks{Danksagung}
    %%--------------------------------------
    \newpage
    {\LARGE \textsf{EHRENWÖRTLICHE ERKLÄRUNG} }\\ \\ \\ \\
    \textsf{Ich erkläre ehrenwörtlich, dass ich die vorliegende Schrift
    verfasst und alle ihr vorausgehenden oder Sie begleitenden Arbeiten
    durchgeführt habe.
    Die in der Schrift verwendete Literatur sowie das Ausmaß
    der mir im gesamten Arbeitsvorgang gewährten Unterstützung
    sind ausnahmslos angegeben.
    Die Schrift ist noch keiner anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt worden.}
    \\ \\ \\ \\
    \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
    \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
    \\ \\ \\ \\ \\
    {\bf \textsf{Klagenfurt, 10.09.2002}}
    %%--------------------------------------
    \abstract{ \hspace{145pt} {\huge Abstract} \\ \\
    Hier kurz das Thema motivieren und zusammenfassen.}
    %%--------------------------------------
    \tableofcontents
    %%--------------------------------------
    \chapter{Vorwort}
    \chapter{Einleitung}
    \chapter{Theoretischer Teil}
    \section{Ebene 1}
    \subsection{Ebene 2}
    \subsubsection{Ebene 3}
    \paragraph{Ebene 4}
    \chapter{Praktischer Teil}
    \chapter{Resümme}
    \begin{thebibliography}
    \\
    \bibitem[Vock02]{Vock02} Alfred Vockinger, \textsl{Java auf Mobilgeräten}, Java Spektrum Ausgabe 07/08 2002
    \end{thebibliography}

    \end{document}

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